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Schulz, Yvan/Steuer, Benjamin (2017): Dealing with discarded e-devices. In: Sternfeld, Eva (ed.): Routledge handbook of environmental policy in China. Abingdon: Routledge, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315736761-27

 

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Steuer, Benjamin et al. (2017): Analysis of the value chain and network structure of informal waste recycling in Beijing, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 117, 137–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.007

 

Tong, Xin/Tao, Dongyan (2016): The rise and fall of a ‘waste city’ in the construction of an ‘urban circular economic system’: The changing landscape of waste in Beijing, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 107, 10–17. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.12.003

 

Tong, Xin/Wang, Jinci (2004): Transnational flows of e-waste and spatial patterns of recycling in China. Eurasian Geography and Economics 45(8), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.45.8.608

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2012): The best-of-2-worlds philosophy: Developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies, Waste Management, 32(11), 2134–2146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.029

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2013): E-waste in China: A country report. Bonn: United Nations University.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2012): Beijing besieged by waste. Icarus Films, 72 min.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2016): Plastic China. Journeyman Pictures, 86 min. WIEGO [Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing] (2015): Informality and illegality: Unpacking the relationship. Bonn: WIEGO.

 

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Yang, Jianxin et al. (2008): WEEE flow and mitigating measures in China, Waste Management 28(9), 1589–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.019

 

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Bagchi, Debarati/Mitra, Iman Kumar (2017): Life, Labour, Recycling: A Study of Waste Management Practices in Contemporary Kolkata. In: Mitra, Iman Kumar/Samaddar, Ranabir/Sen, Samita (eds.): Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism. Singapore: Springer, 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-101037-8_8

 

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Chattopadhyay, Subhasish/Dutta, Amit/Ray Subhabrata (2009): Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kolkata, India – A Review. In: Waste Management 29(4), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.030

 Chaturvedi, Bharati/Gidwani, Vinay (2011): The Right to Waste. Informal Sector Recyclers and Struggles for Social Justice in Post-Reform Urban India. In: Ahmed, Waquar/Kundu, Amitabh/Peet Richard (eds.): India’s New Economic Policy: A Critical Analysis. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 125-153.

 

Crang, Mike/Hughes, Alex/Gregson, Nicky/Norris, Lucy/Ahamed, Farid (2013): Rethinking governance and value in commodity chains through global recycling networks. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00515.x

 

Das, Swapan/Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kr. (2013): Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Management in Kolkata, India. In: International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 3(2), 147–151. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-642-38442-4_147

 

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Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.

 

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Ghosh, Dhrubajyoti (2017): The Trash Diggers. Rethinking Solid Waste Management in Urban India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2015): The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(4), 575–595. https://doi. org/10.1111/tran.12094

 

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Gill, Kaveri (2012): Of Poverty and Plastic: Scavenging and Scrap Trading Entrepreneurs in India’s Urban Informal Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

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Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2015): From Waste to Resource: The Trade in Waste and Global Recycling Economies. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40, 151-176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021105

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Ahamed, Farid/Akhter, N./Ferdous, R. (2010): Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer. In: Geoforum 41(6), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.007

 

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List of Interviews

 

Int2: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 19, 2016.

 

Int5: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 25, 2016.

 

Int6: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in North Kolkata on Dec. 3, 2016.

 

Int7: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int8: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int9: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int13: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int14: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int17: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 15, 2016.

 

Int22: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 19, 2017.

 

Int25: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int26: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int30: small-size scrap shop; conducted in South Kolkata on Jan. 26, 2017. Int31: Kolkata Municipal Corporation; interview conducted on Jan. 30, 2017.

 

Int34: NGO representative; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Feb. 6, 2017.

 

Int37: Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology; interview in Haldia on Feb. 8, 2017.

 

Int42: plastic manufacturer; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Feb. 14, 2017.

 

Int43: West Bengal Pollution Control Board; interview conducted on Feb. 17, 2017. WasteWalk3: WasteWalk conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 2, 2016

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1944): Annihilation of Caste. With a Reply to Mahatma Gandhi. Bombay: Y. B.Ambedkar.

 

Dhar, Damayantee (2016): After Historic Strike, a new dawn for Ahmedabad‘s Sanitation Workers. https://thewire.in/labour/historic-strike-new-dawnahmedabads-sanitation-workers, 26.07.2018

 

D‘Souza, Paul (2005): Urbanization, Exclusion and Identity: A Study of Scavengers in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) [Unpublished Dissertation]. New Delhi: Center for the Study of Social Systems, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Government of India (1993): The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993. Act No.46 of 1993. Government of India.

 

Government of India (2013): The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013. Act No.25 of 2013. Government of India.

 

Human Rights Watch (2014): Cleaning Human Waste: “Manual Scavenging”, Caste, and Discrimination in India. Printed in the United States of America: Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/25/cleaninghuman-waste/manual-scavenging-caste-and-discrimination-india, 20.10.2018.

 

Janvikas (2012): Status of Scavenging Community in India. Ahmedabad: Janvikas.

 

Jha, Satish (2014): In HC, govt contradicts CAG report: ‘No manual scavenging in the state after 2007’. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/in-hcgovt-contradicts-cag-report-no-manual-scavenging-in-the-state-after-2007/, 26.12.2018.

 

Jodhka, Surinder (2002): Sikhism and the Caste Question: Dalits and their Politics in Contemporary Punjab. In: Gupta Dipankar (ed.): Caste in Question: Identity or Hierarchy? Contributions to Indian Sociology. Occassional Studies 1.New Delhi: Sage Publications.

 

Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal (1997): Health status of sewerage workers of Ahmedabad city. Ahmedabad: Health Forum, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Smt.

 

NHL Municipal Medical College. Keane, David (2007): Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

 

Macwan, Martin (1998): Story of Denial: What Media Has to Say. Ahmedabad. http://questforequity.org/contents/Papers/Story%20of%20Denial%20-%20 What%20the%20Media%20Has%20to%20Say,%20Martin%20Macwan..pdf, 20.10.2018.

 

National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation (2018): The Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS). https://nskfdc.nic.in/en/content/revised-srms/self-employment-schemerehabilitation-manual-scavengers-srms, 20.10.2018.

 

Prashad, Vijay (2001): Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Shah, Ghanshyam (2013): Understanding or ignoring Untouchability: How Gujarat government-sponsored study examines discrimination in a ‚very casual way‘. https://counterview.org/2013/11/13/understanding-or-ignoring-untouchabilitygujarat-government-sponsored-study-examines-discrimination-in-a-verycasual-way/, 3.10.2018.

 

Valmiki, Om Prakash (2014): Safai Devta. New Delhi: Radhakrishna Prakashan.

 

Vyas, Kshitij/Mehta, Akshay(2006): SCA/11706/2004 Bo. U/4057/2006 [SCA No.8989 of 2001] Common Oral Judgement. Published as Booklet titled “A Historical Judgment by The Gujarat High Court: a ray of hope for the manhole workers”. Ahmedabad: Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal.

 

Shaikh, Ashif (2018): Seven Govt Surveys to Count Manual Scavengers Couldn‘t Agree on How Many There Are.https://thewire.in/government/seven-govtsurveys-to-count-manual-scavengers-couldnt-agree-on-how-many-there-are, 27.10.2018.

 

Subrahmaniam, Vidya (2016): ‚Our fight is for the restoration of the Constitutional Vision‘: Bezwada Wilson. https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/currentissues/article8928070.ece, 26.07.2018.

Bierbrauer, Laura von (2011): Recuperadores urbanos. Abfallsammeln als Überlebensstrategie auf den Straßen von Buenos Aires. Berlin, Münster: LIT.

 

Boy, Martín/Paiva, Verónica (2009): El sector informal en la recolección y recuperación de residuos de la cuidad de Buenos Aires. 2001-2008. In: Quivera, 11(1), 1–11.

 

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International Labour Office (2015): The changing nature of jobs. Geneva. Inverardi-Ferri, Carlo (2017): The enclosure of ‘waste land’. Rethinking informality and dispossession. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 26, 1–14.

 

Keller, Reiner (2009): Müll - Die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion des Wertvollen. Die öffentliche Diskussion über Abfall in Deutschland und Frankreich. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91731-3

 

Komlosy, Andrea (2015): Informalität aus globalhistorischer Perspektive. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 36–58. https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-314-36

 

Komlosy, Andrea/Parnreiter, Christof/Stacher, Irene/Zimmermann, Susan (1997): Der informelle Sektor: Konzepte, Widersprüche und Debatten. In: Komlosy, Andrea/Delapina, Franz (eds.): Ungeregelt und unterbezahlt. Der informelle Sektor in der Weltwirtschaft. Frankfurt: Brandes & Aspel/Südwind, 9–28.

 

Mahnkopf, Birgit/Altvater, Elmar (2015): Informelle Arbeit und das Leben in Unsicherheit. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 12–35. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-31-4-12

 

Meagher, Kate (2003): A Back Door to Globalisation? Structural Adjustment, Globalisation & Transborder Trade in West Africa. In: Review of African Political Economy, 30: 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308374

 

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