Matter in and out of Place: A Story About Wastefulness, Hybridity, and Flows of Plastic (Photo Essay)

Adkins, Sasha (2018): From Disposable Culture to Disposable People: The Unintended Consequences of Plastics. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

 

Agrawal, Arun (2005). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Duke University Press Books. Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds., 2012): Economies of Recycling: The global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London/New York: Zed Books.

 

Alexander, Catherine/Sanchez, Andrew (2018): Introduction: The Values of Indeterminacy. In: Alexander, Catherine/Sanchez, Andrew (eds.): Indeterminacy: Waste, Value, and the Imagination. Berghahn Books, 1–30.

 

Appadurai, Arjun (1990): Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. In: Public Culture 2(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2-2-1

 

Barad, Karen (2007): Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham/London: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388128

 

Baran, Paul A./Sweezy, Paul M. (1966): Monopoly Capital: an Essay on the American Economist and Social Order. New York: Monthly Review Press. Bauman, Zygmunt (2004): Wasted Lives: Modernity and Its Outcasts. Cambridge: Polity Press.

 

Berg, Anne (2016): Waste streams and garbage publics in Los Angeles and Detroit. In: Lindner, Christoph/Meissner, Miriam (eds.): Global Garbage: Urban imaginaries of waste, excess, and abandonment. New York: Routledge, 80–98.

Boltanski, Luc (2011): On Critique: A Sociology of Emancipation. Cambridge/ Malden: Blackwell.

 

Boltanski, Luc/Chiapello, Ève (2007): The New Spirit of Capitalism. London/New York: Verso.

 

Bowker, Geoffrey C./Star, Susan Leigh (2000): Sorting things out: classification and its consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

 

Brooks, Andrew (2012): Networks of power and corruption: the trade of Japanese used cars to Mozambique. In: The Geographical Journal 178(1), 80–92. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2011.00410.x

 

Bullard, Robert D. (2001): Environmental justice in the 21st century: Race still matters. In: Phylon 49(3/4), 151–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/3132626

 

Bullard, Robert D. (2008): Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality. Boulder: Westview Press.

 

Butler, Judith (2000): Restaging the universal. In: Butler, Judith/Laclau, Ernesto/ Žižek Slavoj (eds.): Contemporary dialogues on the left. London: Verso, 11–43.

 

Campkin, Ben/Cox, Rosie (2007): Dirt: New geographies of cleanliness and contamination. London/New York: IB Tauris. Clifford, James (2001): Indigenous Articulations. In: The Contemporary Pacific 13(2), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2001.0046

Coole, Diana/Frost, Samantha (2010): Introducing the new materialisms. In: Coole, Diana/Frost, Samantha (eds.): New materialisms: Ontology, agency, and politics. Durban, London: Duke University Press, 1–43. https://doi. org/10.1215/9780822392996-001

 

Corvellec, Hervé (2019): Waste as scats: For an organizational engagement with waste. In: Organization 26(2), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418808235

 

Corvellec, Hervé/Zapata Campos, María José/Zapata, Patrik (2013): Infrastructures, lock-in, and sustainable urban development: the case of waste incineration in the Göteborg Metropolitan Area. In: Journal of Cleaner Production 50, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.009

 

Crang, Mike/Hughes, Alex/Gregson, Nicky/Norris, Lucy/Ahamed, Farid (2013): Rethinking governance and value in commodity chains through global recycling networks. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00515.x

 

Davies, Thom/Mah, Alice (2019): Toxic Truths. Environmental Justice and Citizen Science in the Post-Truth Age. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

 

De Angelis, Massimo (2001): Marx and primitive accumulation: the continuous character of capital’s enclosures. In: The Commoner 2(1), 1–22.

 

Demaria, Federico (2010): Shipbreaking at Alang–Sosiya (India): An ecological distribution conflict. In: Ecological Economics 70(2), 250–260. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.006

 

Dillon, Lindsey (2014): Race, Waste, and Space: Brownfield Redevelopment and Environmental Justice at the Hunters Point Shipyard. In: Antipode, 46(5), 1205–1221. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12009

 

Dines, Nick (ed.) (2018): Special Issue: Ethnographies of waste. In: Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa 11(1).

 

Douglas, Mary (1966): Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.

 

Evans, David (2011): Review essay: waste matters. In: Sociology, 45(4), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511406588

 

Falquet, Jules (2013): Dominique Strauss-Kahn oder die Verknüpfung männlicher mit neoliberaler Gewalt. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 29(1), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-29-1-90

 

Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body, and Primitive Accumulation. Brooklyn, New York: Autonomedia.

 

Gabrys, Jennifer (2011): Digital Rubbish: A Natural History of Electronics. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/ dcbooks.9380304.0001.001

 

Gabrys, Jennifer (2016): Program Earth: Environmental Sensing Technology and the Making of a Computational Planet, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816693122.001.0001

Gereffi, Gary/Humphrey, John/Sturgeon, Timothy (2005): The governance of global value chains. In: Review of International Political Economy 12(1), 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805

 

Gereffi, Gary/Korzeniewicz, Miguel (eds., 1994): Commodity chains and global capitalism. Westport: Praeger.

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2015): The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(4), 575–595. https://doi. org/10.1111/tran.12094

 

Gidwani, Vinay/Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2011): The Afterlives of “Waste”: Notes from India for a Minor History of Capitalist Surplus. In: Antipode 43(5), 1625–1658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00902.x

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2010): Actor networks, modes of production, and waste regimes: reassembling the macro-social. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1049– 1064. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42122

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2013): Is there an emancipatory ontology of matter? A response to Myra Hird. In: Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2(4), 1–6.

 

Gourlay, Ken A. (1992): World of Waste: Dilemmas of industrial development. London: Zed Books.

 

Graeber, David (2012): Afterword. In: Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds.): Economies of Recycling: the global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London, New York: Zed Books, 277–290. https://doi. org/10.1002/9781119198420.after

 

Greeson, Emma/Laser, Stefan/Pyyhtinen, Olli (2019): Dis/Assembling Value: Lessons from Waste Valuation Practices. In: Valuation Studies, in press.

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2010): Materiality and waste: inorganic vitality in a networked world. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1026–1032. https:// doi.org/10.1068/a43176

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2015): From Waste to Resource: The Trade in Wastes and Global Recycling Economies. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40, 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021105

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Ahamed, Farid/Akhter, Nasreen/Ferdous, Raihana (2010): Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer. In: Geoforum, 41(6), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.007

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Antonopoulos, Constantionos N. (2016): Holding together logistical worlds: Friction, seams and circulation in the emerging ‘global warehouse’. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35(3), 381-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816671721

 

Griffin, Rodman D. (1992): Garbage crisis. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

Guha, Ramachandra/Martínez-Alier, Juan (1997): Varieties of environmentalism: Essays North and South. London: Earthscan Publications.

 

Hall, Stuart (1996): Race, articulation, and societies structured in dominance. In: Baker, Houston. A. Jr./Diawara, Manthia/Lindeborg, Ruth H. (eds.): Black British Cultural Studies: A Reader, 16–60.

 

Haraway, Donna J. (2016): Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham London: Duke University Press. https://doi. org/10.1215/9780822373780

 

Harvey, David (2010): The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism. London: Profile Books.

 

Harvey, Penelope/Jensen, Casper Brun/Morita, Atsuro (eds., 2017): Infrastructures and Social Complexity: A Companion. Milton Park/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315622880

 

Hawkins, Gay (2005): The Ethics of Waste: How We Relate to Rubbish. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

 

Heiman, Michael K. (1996): Race, waste, and class: new perspectives on environmental justice. In: Antipode 28(2), 111–121. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00517.x

 

Henderson, Jeffrey/Dicken, Peter/Hess, Martin/Coe, Neil/Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung (2002): Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. In: Review of International Political Economy 9(3), 436–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290210150842

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/Champ, Susan McGrath (2013): Global destruction networks, labour and waste. In: Journal of Economic Geography 14, 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt015

 

Hird, Myra J. (2013): Is Waste Indeterminacy Useful? A response to Zsuzsa Gille. In: Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2(6), 28–33.

 

Hird, Myra J. (2017): Burial and resurrection in the Anthropocene: Infrastructures of waste. In: Harvey, Penelope/ Jensen, Casper Brunn/ Morita, Atsuro (eds.): Infrastructures and Social Complexity: A Companion. Milton Park/New York: Routledge, 245–252.

 

Hird, Myra J./Lougheed, Scott/Rowe, R. Kerry/Kuyvenhoven, Cassandra (2014): Making waste management public (or falling back to sleep). In: Social Studies of Science 44(3), 441–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312713518835

 

Hird, Myra J. (2012): Knowing Waste: Towards an Inhuman Epistemology. In: Social Epistemology 26(3-4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2012.7 27195

 

Hird, Myra J. (2014): Waste flows. https://discardstudies.com/discard-studiescompendium/, 19.3.2019.

 

Huntington, Samuel P. (1996): The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.

 

Jackson, Steven J. (2014): Rethinking Repair. In: Gillespie, Tarleton/ Boczkowski, Pablo J./ Foot, Kirsten A. (eds.): Media Technologies: Essays
30   
 
Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 221–239. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.003.0011

 

Kirby, Peter Wynn/Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2015): Peering through loopholes, tracing conversions: remapping the transborder trade in electronic waste. In: Area 47(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12166

 

Krupar, Shiloh R. (2013). Hot Spotter’s Report: Military Fables of Toxic Waste. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

 

Latour, Bruno (2004): Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. In: Critical Inquiry 30(2), 225–248. https://doi. org/10.1086/421123

 

Laville, Sandra (2018): UK Plastics Recycling Industry under Investigation for Fraud and Corruption. In: The Guardian, 19.10.2018. Leonhard, Liam J. (2013). Ecomodern discourse and localized narratives: Waste policy, community mobilization and governmentality in Ireland. In: Zapata Campos, María/Hall, Michael (eds.): Organizing waste in the city: International perspectives on narratives and practices. Chicago: Policy Press, 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447306375.003.0010

 

Lepawsky, Josh (2018): Reassembling rubbish: worlding electronic waste. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11111.001.0001

 

Lepawsky, Josh/Mather, Charles (2011): From beginnings and endings to boundaries and edges: rethinking circulation and exchange through electronic waste. In: Area 43(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01018.x

 

Liboiron, Max (2018): The what and the why of Discard Studies. https:// discardstudies.com/2018/09/01/the-what-and-the-why-of-discard-studies/, 19.3.2019.

 

Liboiron, Max/Tironi, Manuel/Calvillo, Nerea (2018): Toxic politics: Acting in a permanently polluted world. In: Social Studies of Science 48(3), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312718783087

 

Little, Peter C. (2014): Toxic town: IBM, pollution, and industrial risks. New York: NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814760697.001.0001

 

MacBride, Samantha (2011): Recycling reconsidered: The present failure and future promise of environmental action in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8829.001.0001

 

Marconi, Daniela (2012): Environmental Regulation and Revealed Comparative Advantages in Europe: Is China a Pollution Haven? In: Review of International Economics 20(3), 616–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2012.01042.x

 

Marres, Noortje (2007): The Issues Deserve More Credit: Pragmatist Contributions to the Study of Public Involvement in Controversy. In: Social Studies of Science 37(5), 759–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312706077367

 

McGrath-Champ, Susan/Rainnie, Al/Pickren, Graham/Herod, Andrew (2015): Global destruction networks, the labour process and employment relations. In: Journal of Industrial Relations 57(4), 624–640. https://doi. org/10.1177/0022185615582241

Millington, Nate/Lawhon, Mary (2018): Geographies of waste: Conceptual vectors from the Global South. In: Progress in Human Geography, online first (8.10.2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518799911

 

Moisi, Laura (2015): From the Ethos of Housekeeping to the Doctrine of Ecology: Paradigm-shifts in the Politics of Domestic Garbage-Disposal. In: Pivot: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies and Thought 4(1), 98–126.

 

Moore, Sarah A. (2012): Garbage matters: Concepts in new geographies of waste. In: Progress in Human Geography 36(6), 780–799. https://doi. org/10.1177/0309132512437077

 

Neal, Homer A./Schubel, J. R. (1987): Solid waste management and the environment: The mounting garbage and trash crisis. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs.

 

Nixon, Rob (2011): Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674061194

 

Norris, Lucy (2015): The Limits of Ethicality in International Markets: Imported Second-Hand Clothing in India. In: Geoforum 67(Dec.), 183–193. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.06.003

 

Piketty, Thomas (2017): Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674982918

 

Pulido, Laura (1996): A critical review of the methodology of environmental racism research. In: Antipode 28(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996. tb00519.x

 

Pulido, Laura (2000): Rethinking environmental racism: White privilege and urban development in Southern California. In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00182

 

Rathje, William/Murphy, Cullen (2001): Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. In: Geoforum 62, 166–174. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Reno, Joshua (2015): Waste and Waste Management. In: Annual Review of Anthropology 44(1), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevanthro-102214-014146

 

Samson, Melanie (2015): Accumulation by dispossession and the informal economy – Struggles over knowledge, being and waste at a Soweto garbage dump. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33(5), 813–830. https://doi. org/10.1177/0263775815600058

 

Samson, Melanie (2017): Not Just Recycling the Crisis. In: Historical Materialism 25(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-12341514

 

Sanyal, Kalyan K. (2014): Rethinking Capitalist Development: Primitive Accumulation, Governmentality and Post-Colonial Capitalism. New Delhi: Routledge.
32   
 
Star, Susan Leigh/Griesemer, James R. (1989): Institutional ecology, ‘translations’ and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. In: Social Studies of Science 19(3), 387–420. https://doi. org/10.1177/030631289019003001

 

Star, Susan Leigh/Ruhleder, Karen (1996): Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces. In: Information Systems Research 7(1), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.7.1.111

 

Szeman, Imre/Boyer, Dominic (2017): Energy Humanities: An Anthology. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

 

Taylor, Dorceta E. (2014): Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility. New York: NYU Press.

 

Thompson, Michael (2017): Rubbish theory: the creation and destruction of Value. London: Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1rfsn94

 

Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt (2004): Friction: An ethnography of global connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

 

Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt (2015): The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77bcc

 

United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice (1987): Toxic wastes and race in the United States: A national report on the racial and socio-economic characteristics of communities with hazardous waste sites. New York: United Church of Christ.

 

Wynne, Brian (1987): Risk management and hazardous waste: Implementation and the dialectics of credibility. Berlin/Heidelberg: Spring

21st Century Economic Report (2017): Low efficiency: E-waste collection urgently [needs to be] reorganized, consolidated and upgraded [Xiaolü dixia: Guonei dianzi laji huishou jidai zhenghe shengji], 10.03.2017.

 

BAN [Basel Action Network] (2015): Infamous Chinese e waste town finally closes doors to imports, 17.12.2015.

 

Brigden, Kevin et al. (2005): Recycling of electronic waste in China and India: Workplace & environmental contamination. Amsterdam: Greenpeace International.

 

CEOCIO Magazine (2005): “Offering amnesty and enlistment” to Guiyu [“Zhao’an” Guiyuzhen], 05.09.2005.

Chaturvedi, Bharati/Gidwani, Vinay (2010): The right to waste: Informal sector recyclers and struggles for social justice in post-reform urban India. In: Ahmed, Waquar/Kundu, Amitabh/Peet, Richard (eds): India’s new economic policy: A critical analysis. New York: Routledge, 125–153.

 

CHEARI [China Electrical Appliances Research Institute] (2016): 2015 White paper on WEEE recycling industry in China [Zhongguo feiqi dianqi dianzi chanpin huishou chuli ji zonghe liyong hangye baipishu 2015]. Beijing: CHEARI.

 

Chen, Martha Alter (2006): Rethinking the informal economy: Linkages with the formal economy and the formal regulatory environment. In: Guha-Khasnobis, B./Kanbur, R./Ostrom, Elinor (eds): Linking the formal and informal economy: Concepts and policies. New York: Oxford University Press, 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199204764.003.0005

 

Chen, Liwen (2017): China’s e-waste: Formal, informal or the co-exist of both? Toxic News, 07.08.2017.

 

Chi, Xinwen et al. (2011): Informal electronic waste recycling: A sector review with special focus on China, Waste Management, 31(4), 731–742. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.11.006

 

Dong, Madeleine Yue (2003): Recycling: The Tianqiao District (chapter 6). In: Republican Beijing: The city and its histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 172-207.

 

Economy, Elizabeth C. (2010): The river runs black: The environmental challenge to China’s future. 2nd ed. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

 

Ensmenger, Devona/Goldstein, Joshua/Mack, Richard (2005): Talking trash: An examination of recycling and solid waste management policies, economies, and practices in Beijing, East West Connections 5(1), 115–133.

 

Fei, Fan et al. (2016): How to integrate the informal recycling system into municipal solid waste management in developing countries: Based on a China’s case in Suzhou urban area. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 110: 74–86. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.019

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2013): Value struggles: Waste work and urban ecology in Delhi. In: Rademacher, Anne/Sivaramakrishnan, Kalyanakrishnan (eds): Ecologies of urbanism in India: Metropolitan civility and sustainability. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 169–200. https://doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.003.0007

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the cult of waste to the trash heap of history: The politics of waste in socialist and postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Goldstein, Joshua (2006): The remains of the everyday: One hundred years of recycling in Beijing. In: Dong, Madeleine Yue/Goldstein, Joshua (eds): Everyday modernity in China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 260–302.

 Goldstein, Joshua (2012): Waste. In: Trentmann, Frank (ed.): The Oxford handbook of the history of consumption. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 326–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0017

 

Goldstein, Joshua (2017): A pyrrhic victory? The limits to the successful crackdown on informal sector plastics recycling in Wenan county, China. Modern China 43(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700416645882

 

Goldstein, Joshua (forthcoming): The remains of the everyday: One hundred years of recycling in Beijing. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

Grossman, Elizabeth (2007): High tech trash: Digital devices, hidden toxics, and human health. Washington: Island Press/Shearwater Books.

 

Harvey, David (2008): The right to the city. New Left Review (53), 23–40.

 

Huang, Philipp C. C. (2009): China’s neglected informal economy: Reality and theory, Modern China, 35(4), 405–438. https://doi. org/10.1177/0097700409333158

 

Hubbert, Jennifer (2015): “We’re not that kind of developing country”: Environmental awareness in contemporary China. In: Isenhour, Cindy/ McDonogh, Gary/Checker, Melissa (eds): Sustainability in the global city: Myth and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

Huisman, Jaco et al. (2015): Countering WEEE Illegal Trade (CWIT): Summary report, market assessment, legal analysis, crime analysis and recommendations roadmap. Lyon: Interpol, WEEEForum, UNICRI, UNU-IAS [etc.].

 

ILO [International Labour Organization] (2015): The labour, human health and environmental dimensions of e-waste management in China. Beijing: International Labour Organization, ILO Office for China and Mongolia.

 

Lai, Lili (2016): Hygiene, sociality, and culture in contemporary rural China: The uncanny new village. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. https://doi. org/10.1515/9789048527007

 

Laser, Stefan (2016): Why is it so hard to engage with practices of the informal sector? Experimental insights from the Indian e-waste-collective. Cultural Studies Review 22(1), 168–95. https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4385

 

Lefebvre, Henri (1996): The right to the city. In: Kofman, Eleonore/Lebas, Elizabeth (eds.): Writings on cities. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

 

Li, Shichao (2002): Junk-buyers as the linkage between waste sources and redemption depots in urban China: The case of Wuhan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 36(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S09213449(02)00054-X

 

Liebman, Adam (2018): No more of your junk. The New Internationalist 516, 24–26.

 

Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2016): The trouble of connection: E-waste in China between state regulation, development regimes and global capitalism. In: Vaccaro, Ismael/Harper, Krista/Murray, Seth (eds.): The anthropology of postindustrialism: Ethnographies of disconnection. New York: Routledge, 113–131.

 

Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2017): E-Waste work: Hierarchies of value and the normalization of pollution in Guiyu. In: Resigned activism: Living with pollution in rural China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 125–156. https://doi. org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036320.003.0005

 

MEP [Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China] (2017): Catalogue of solid wastes forbidden to import into China by the end of 2017. Notification G/TBT/N/CHN/1211 to the World Trade Organisation. 18.07.2017.

 

MOC [Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (abolished in 1993)] et al. (1985). Guanyu chengxiang getih shangye jingying feijiu wuzi de zanxing guiding [Provisional rules on individual business’s engagement in waste material], 15.03.1985.

 

MOFCOM [Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (created in 2003)] et al. (2016). Guanyu tuijin zaisheng ziyuan huishou hangye zhuanxing shengji [Opinion on the upgrade and transformation of the collection and recycling industry], 10.05.2016.

 

Minter, Adam (2013): Junkyard planet: Travels in the billion-dollar trash trade. London: Bloomsbury Press.

 

Puckett, Jim et al. (2002): Exporting harm: The high-tech trashing of Asia. Basel Action Network/Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition.

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. Geoforum 62, 166–174. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Robbins, Paul (2004): Political ecology: A critical introduction. Chichester: Blackwell.

 

Schulz, Yvan (2015): Towards a new waste regime? Critical reflections on China’s shifting market for high-tech discards. China Perspectives 2015(3), 43–50. Schulz, Yvan (2016): Working on progress: Unauthorized recyclers keep out. Anthropology News, 08.10.2016.

 

Schulz, Yvan (2018): Modern waste: The political ecology of e-scrap recycling in China. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Neuchâtel. Schulz, Yvan (2019): Street smarts versus smart tech: Chinese DEEE collection and the digitilisation of everything (manuscript in preparation).

 

Schulz, Yvan/Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2019): In the name of circularity: Business slowdown in a Chinese recycling hub. Worldwide Waste (in press).

 

Schulz, Yvan/Steuer, Benjamin (2017): Dealing with discarded e-devices. In: Sternfeld, Eva (ed.): Routledge handbook of environmental policy in China. Abingdon: Routledge, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315736761-27

 

SCMP [South China Morning Post] (2017): China’s most notorious e-waste dumping ground now cleaner but poorer, 22.09.2017.

 

Scott, James C. (1998): Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

 

Solinger, Dorothy (1999): Contesting citizenship in urban China: Peasant migrants, the state, and the logic of the market. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

Someno, Kenji/Miao, Chang (2016): Circular economy policy and regulation and the venous industry in China. In: Yamamoto, Masachi/Hosoda, Eiji (eds.): The economics of waste management in East Asia. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

 

State Council (2009): Regulations (no. 551) regarding the administration of the recovery and disposal of waste electronic and electrical products [Feiqi dianqi dianzi chanpin chuli guanli tiaoli (di 551 hao)].

 

Stehr, Nico/Grundmann, Reiner (2011): Experts: The knowledge and power of expertise. Abingdon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829646

 

Steuer, Benjamin et al. (2015): Report on existing collection systems for WEEE from households with focus on formal and informal systems. Vienna: REWIN project (BOKU).

 

Steuer, Benjamin et al. (2017): Analysis of the value chain and network structure of informal waste recycling in Beijing, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 117, 137–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.007

 

Tong, Xin/Tao, Dongyan (2016): The rise and fall of a ‘waste city’ in the construction of an ‘urban circular economic system’: The changing landscape of waste in Beijing, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 107, 10–17. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.12.003

 

Tong, Xin/Wang, Jinci (2004): Transnational flows of e-waste and spatial patterns of recycling in China. Eurasian Geography and Economics 45(8), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.45.8.608

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2012): The best-of-2-worlds philosophy: Developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies, Waste Management, 32(11), 2134–2146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.029

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2013): E-waste in China: A country report. Bonn: United Nations University.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2012): Beijing besieged by waste. Icarus Films, 72 min.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2016): Plastic China. Journeyman Pictures, 86 min. WIEGO [Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing] (2015): Informality and illegality: Unpacking the relationship. Bonn: WIEGO.

 

World Bank (2005): Waste management in China: Issues and recommendations. East Asia and Pacific Urban Development Sector Unit, World Bank.

 

Yang, Jianxin et al. (2008): WEEE flow and mitigating measures in China, Waste Management 28(9), 1589–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.019

 

Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds.)(2012): Economies of recycling. The global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London, New York: Zed Books.

 

Bagchi, Debarati/Mitra, Iman Kumar (2017): Life, Labour, Recycling: A Study of Waste Management Practices in Contemporary Kolkata. In: Mitra, Iman Kumar/Samaddar, Ranabir/Sen, Samita (eds.): Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism. Singapore: Springer, 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-101037-8_8

 

Bair, Jennifer/Werner, Marion (2011): Commodity chains and the uneven geographies of global capitalism: a disarticulations perspective. In: Environment and Planning A 43(5), 988-997. https://doi.org/10.1068/a43505

 

Braun, Boris/Oßenbrügge, Jürgen/Schulz, Christian (2018): Environmental Economic Geography and Environmental Inequality: Challenges and New Research Prospects. In: Zeitschrift Für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62(2), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0001

 

Chattopadhyay, Subhasish/Dutta, Amit/Ray Subhabrata (2009): Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kolkata, India – A Review. In: Waste Management 29(4), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.030

 Chaturvedi, Bharati/Gidwani, Vinay (2011): The Right to Waste. Informal Sector Recyclers and Struggles for Social Justice in Post-Reform Urban India. In: Ahmed, Waquar/Kundu, Amitabh/Peet Richard (eds.): India’s New Economic Policy: A Critical Analysis. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 125-153.

 

Crang, Mike/Hughes, Alex/Gregson, Nicky/Norris, Lucy/Ahamed, Farid (2013): Rethinking governance and value in commodity chains through global recycling networks. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00515.x

 

Das, Swapan/Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kr. (2013): Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Management in Kolkata, India. In: International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 3(2), 147–151. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-642-38442-4_147

 

De Angelis, Massimo (2001): Marx and Primitive Accumulation: The Continuous Character of Capital’s ‘Enclosures’. In: The Commoner 2, 1-22.

 

Demaria, Federico/Schindler, Seth (2016): Contesting Urban Metabolism: Struggles Over Waste-to-Energy in Delhi, India. In: Antipode 48(2), 293-313. https://doi. org/10.1111/anti.12191

 

Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.

 

Franz, Martin/Schlitz, Nicolas/Schumacher, Kim Philip (2018): Globalization and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus – Using the Global Production Networks Approach to Analyze Society-Environment Relations. In: Environmental Science & Policy 90 (December 2018), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envsci.2017.12.004

 

Gereffi, Gary/Humphrey, John/Sturgeon, Timothy (2005): The Governance of Global Value Chains. In: Review of International Political Economy 12(1), 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805

 

Ghosh, Dhrubajyoti (2017): The Trash Diggers. Rethinking Solid Waste Management in Urban India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2015): The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(4), 575–595. https://doi. org/10.1111/tran.12094

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2018): Abstract and concrete labor in the age of informality. In: Coleman, Mat/Agnew, John (eds): Handbook on the Geographies of Power. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 164–177. https://doi. org/10.4337/9781785365645.00017

 

Gidwani, Vinay/Baviskar, Amita (2011): Urban Commons. In: Economic & Political Weekly 46(50), 42-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00902.x Gidwani, Vinay/Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2011): The Afterlives of “Waste”: Notes from India for a Minor History of Capitalist Surplus. In: Antipode 43(5), 1625–1658.

 

Gill, Kaveri (2012): Of Poverty and Plastic: Scavenging and Scrap Trading Entrepreneurs in India’s Urban Informal Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2010): Actor Networks, Modes of Production, and Waste Regimes: Reassembling the Macro-Social. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1049– 1064. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42122

 

Gough, Ian (1972): Marx’s Theory of Productive and Unproductive Labour. In: New Left Review 76, 47-72.

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2010): Materiality and waste: inorganic vitality in a networked world. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1026–1032. https:// doi.org/10.1068/a43176

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2015): From Waste to Resource: The Trade in Waste and Global Recycling Economies. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40, 151-176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021105

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Ahamed, Farid/Akhter, N./Ferdous, R. (2010): Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer. In: Geoforum 41(6), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.007

 

Harvey, David (2003): The ‘New’ Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession. In: Panitch, Leo/Leys, Colin (eds.): Socialist Register 2004: The New Imperial Challenge. London: The Merlin Press, 63-87.

 

Henderson, Jeffrey/Dicken, Peter/Hess, Martin/Coe, Neil/Yeung, Henry W. (2002): Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. In: Review of International Political Economy 9(3), 436–464. https://doi. org/10.1080/09692290210150842

 

Hazra, Tumpa/Goel, Sudha (2009): Solid Waste Management in Kolkata, India: Practices and Challenges. In: Waste Management 29(1), 470–78. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.023

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/McGrath-Champ, Susan (2013): Waste, commodity fetishism and the ongoingness of economic life. In: Area 45(3), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12022

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/McGrath-Champ, Susan (2014): Global destruction networks, labour and waste. In: Journal of Economic Geography 14(2), 421-441. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt015

 

Horton, Stephen (1997): Value, Waste and the Built Environment: A Marxian Analysis. In: Capitalism Nature Socialism 8(2), 127–139. https://doi. org/10.1080/10455759709358740

 

Lepawsky, Josh/Mather, Charles (2011): From Beginnings and Endings to Boundaries and Edges: Rethinking Circulation and Exchange through Electronic Waste. In: Area 43(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14754762.2011.01018.x

 

Martinez-Alier, Joan (2008): Languages of Valuation. In: Economic & Political Weekly 43(48), 28-32.
 
Marx, Karl (1990[1867]): Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Volume One. London: Penguin.

 

Moore, Sarah (2011): Global garbage: waste, trash trading, and local garbage politics. In: Peet, Richard/Robbins, Paul/Watts, Michael (ed.): Global Political Ecology. New York: Routledge, 133-144.

 

Mutha, Nitin H./Patel, Martin/Premnath, V. (2006): Plastics materials flow analysis for India. In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling 47(3), 222–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.09.003

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. In: Geoforum, 62(June), 166-174. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Rosdolsky, Roman (1977 [1968]): The Making of Marx’s ‘Capital’. London: Pluto Press.

 

Samson, Melanie (2017): Not Just Recycling the Crisis: Producing Value at a Soweto Garbage Dump. In: Historical Materialism 25(1), 36–62. https://doi. org/10.1163/1569206X-12341514

 

Sanyal, Kalyan (2007): Rethinking Capitalist Development: Primitive Accumulation, Governmentality & Post-Colonial Capitalism. New Delhi, Oxon: Routledge. Seabrook, Jeremy/Siddiqui, Imran Ahmed (2011): People without History: India’s Muslim Ghettos. New Delhi: Navayana Publishing.

 

Seppälä, Tiina (2014): Biopolitics, Resistance and the Neoliberal Development Paradigm. In: Journal Für Entwicklungspolitik 30(1), 88–103. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-30-1-88

 

Trettin, Lutz (2002): Abfallwirtschaft und informeller Sektor in der City of Calcutta: Struktur, Funktionsweise und Verwundbarkeit des Entsorgungssystems einer südasiatischen Metropole. Bochumer Geographische Arbeiten - 69. Bochum: Geograph. Inst. der Ruhr-Univ. Bochum.

 

Wilson, David C./Araba, Adebisi O./Chinwah, Kaine/Cheeseman, Christopher R. (2009): Building recycling rates through the informal sector. In: Waste Management 29(2), 629-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.016

 

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)(2016): Informal Approaches towards a circular economy – learning from the plastic recycling sector in India. https://docs.wbcsd.org/2016/11/wbcsd_informalapproaches.pdf, 28.2.2019.

 

Zhu, Da/Asnani, P.U./Zurbrügg, Chris/Anapolsky, Sebastian/Mani, Shyamala (2008): Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Sourcebook for Policy Makers and Practitioners. Washington: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7361-3

 

List of Interviews

 

Int2: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 19, 2016.

 

Int5: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 25, 2016.

 

Int6: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in North Kolkata on Dec. 3, 2016.

 

Int7: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int8: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int9: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int13: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int14: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int17: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 15, 2016.

 

Int22: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 19, 2017.

 

Int25: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int26: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int30: small-size scrap shop; conducted in South Kolkata on Jan. 26, 2017. Int31: Kolkata Municipal Corporation; interview conducted on Jan. 30, 2017.

 

Int34: NGO representative; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Feb. 6, 2017.

 

Int37: Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology; interview in Haldia on Feb. 8, 2017.

 

Int42: plastic manufacturer; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Feb. 14, 2017.

 

Int43: West Bengal Pollution Control Board; interview conducted on Feb. 17, 2017. WasteWalk3: WasteWalk conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 2, 2016

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1944): Annihilation of Caste. With a Reply to Mahatma Gandhi. Bombay: Y. B.Ambedkar.

 

Dhar, Damayantee (2016): After Historic Strike, a new dawn for Ahmedabad‘s Sanitation Workers. https://thewire.in/labour/historic-strike-new-dawnahmedabads-sanitation-workers, 26.07.2018

 

D‘Souza, Paul (2005): Urbanization, Exclusion and Identity: A Study of Scavengers in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) [Unpublished Dissertation]. New Delhi: Center for the Study of Social Systems, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Government of India (1993): The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993. Act No.46 of 1993. Government of India.

 

Government of India (2013): The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013. Act No.25 of 2013. Government of India.

 

Human Rights Watch (2014): Cleaning Human Waste: “Manual Scavenging”, Caste, and Discrimination in India. Printed in the United States of America: Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/25/cleaninghuman-waste/manual-scavenging-caste-and-discrimination-india, 20.10.2018.

 

Janvikas (2012): Status of Scavenging Community in India. Ahmedabad: Janvikas.

 

Jha, Satish (2014): In HC, govt contradicts CAG report: ‘No manual scavenging in the state after 2007’. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/in-hcgovt-contradicts-cag-report-no-manual-scavenging-in-the-state-after-2007/, 26.12.2018.

 

Jodhka, Surinder (2002): Sikhism and the Caste Question: Dalits and their Politics in Contemporary Punjab. In: Gupta Dipankar (ed.): Caste in Question: Identity or Hierarchy? Contributions to Indian Sociology. Occassional Studies 1.New Delhi: Sage Publications.

 

Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal (1997): Health status of sewerage workers of Ahmedabad city. Ahmedabad: Health Forum, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Smt.

 

NHL Municipal Medical College. Keane, David (2007): Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

 

Macwan, Martin (1998): Story of Denial: What Media Has to Say. Ahmedabad. http://questforequity.org/contents/Papers/Story%20of%20Denial%20-%20 What%20the%20Media%20Has%20to%20Say,%20Martin%20Macwan..pdf, 20.10.2018.

 

National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation (2018): The Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS). https://nskfdc.nic.in/en/content/revised-srms/self-employment-schemerehabilitation-manual-scavengers-srms, 20.10.2018.

 

Prashad, Vijay (2001): Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Shah, Ghanshyam (2013): Understanding or ignoring Untouchability: How Gujarat government-sponsored study examines discrimination in a ‚very casual way‘. https://counterview.org/2013/11/13/understanding-or-ignoring-untouchabilitygujarat-government-sponsored-study-examines-discrimination-in-a-verycasual-way/, 3.10.2018.

 

Valmiki, Om Prakash (2014): Safai Devta. New Delhi: Radhakrishna Prakashan.

 

Vyas, Kshitij/Mehta, Akshay(2006): SCA/11706/2004 Bo. U/4057/2006 [SCA No.8989 of 2001] Common Oral Judgement. Published as Booklet titled “A Historical Judgment by The Gujarat High Court: a ray of hope for the manhole workers”. Ahmedabad: Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal.

 

Shaikh, Ashif (2018): Seven Govt Surveys to Count Manual Scavengers Couldn‘t Agree on How Many There Are.https://thewire.in/government/seven-govtsurveys-to-count-manual-scavengers-couldnt-agree-on-how-many-there-are, 27.10.2018.

 

Subrahmaniam, Vidya (2016): ‚Our fight is for the restoration of the Constitutional Vision‘: Bezwada Wilson. https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/currentissues/article8928070.ece, 26.07.2018.

Acserald, Henri/Herculano, S./Pádua, J.A. (2004): A justiça ambiental e a dinâmica das lutas socio-ambientais no Brasil – uma introdução. In: Acserald, Henri/ Herculano, S./Pádua, J.A. (eds.): Justiça Ambiental e Cidadania. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Relume-Dumará, 9-20.

 

Bullard, Robert D./Glenn S. Johnson (2000): Environmentalism and public policy: Environmental justice: Grassroots activism and its impact on public policy decision making. In: Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 555-578. https://doi. org/10.1111/0022-4537.00184

 

Bilge, Sirma (2009): Théorisations féministes de l’intersectionnalité. Diogène 225, 70-88. https://doi.org/10.3917/dio.225.0070

 

Bonetti, Alinne /Abreu, Maria Aparecida (2011): Faces da desigualdade de gênero e raça no Brasil. Brasília: Ipea, 164 p. Brasil (2010): Lei Federal nº12.305 de 2 de agosto de 2010. Institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos; altera a Lei nº 9.605 de 12 de fevereiro de 1998; e dá outras providências. [online]. Avaiable in: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ ccivil_03/ato2007-2010/2010/lei/112305.htm.

 

Burawoy, Michael (1998): The Extended Case Method. In: Sociological Theory 16(1), 4-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00040

 

Cherfem, Carolina (2014): Consubstancialidade de gênero, classe e raça no trabalho coletivo/associativo. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Tese de doutorado.

 

Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. (1989): Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. In: The University of Chicago Legal Forum 140, 139-167. Davis, Mike (2006): Planet of Slums. London: Verso. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15405842.2006.00797.x

 

De Pádua Bosi, Antonio (2008): Organização capitalista do trabalho “informal”: o caso dos catadores de recicláveis. In: Revista Brasileira de ciências sociais 23(67), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69092008000200008

 

Denzin, Norman K./Lincoln, Yvonna S. (2000): Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In: Denzin, Norman K./Lincoln, Yvonna S. (eds.): Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage ublications, 1-28.

 

Dias, Sonia/Matos, Marlise/Ogando, Ana C. (2013): Mujeres Recicladoras: contruyendo uma agenda de gênero em las organizaciones de recicladore. In: Castellano, Fernando L. (ed.): Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo: Miradas feministas desde ambos hemisférios. Granada: Universidade de Granada, 221-240.

 

Fraser, Heather (2004): Doing Narrative Research: Analysing Personal Stories Line by Line. In: Qualitative Social Work 3(2), 179-201. https://doi. org/10.1177/1473325004043383

 

Galon, Tanyse/Marziale, Maria H. (2016): Condições de trabalho e saúde de catadores de materiais recicláveis na América Latina: Uma revisão de escopo. In: Pereira, Bruna C.J./ Goes, Fernanda L. (eds): Catadores de materiais recicláveis: um encontro nacional. Brasília: IPEA, 169-199.

 

Godoy, Samuel (2015): Muito além da lata de lixo: a construção da política pública e a organização do mercado de limpeza urbana no município de São Paulo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.8.2016.tde-12012016135131.

 

Gonçalves-Dias, Sylmara (2009): Catadores: uma perspectiva de sua inserção no campo da indústria de reciclagem. Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Ambiental. Tese de doutorado. São Paulo.

 

Hasenbalg, Carlos/Silva, Nelson do Valle (1999): Nota sobre desigualdade racial e política no Brasil. In: Hasenbalg, Carlos/Silva, Nelson do Valle/Lima, Marcia (eds.): Cor e Estratificação Social. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa. Hirata, Helena (2014): Gênero, Classe e Raça: interseccionalidade e consubstancialidade das relações sociais. In: Tempo Social 26(1), 61-73.

Hollway, Wendy/Jefferson, Tony (2008): The free association narrative interview method. In: Given, Lisa M. (ed.): The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Sevenoaks: Sage, 296–315. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE: Censo 2010. http://www. censo2010.ibge.gov.br, 30.6.2016.

 

Kergoat, Danièle (2003): Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e Relações Sociais de Sexo. In: Emilio, Marli/Teixeira, Marilane/Nobre, Miriam/Godinho, Tatau (eds.): Trabalho e Cidadania Ativa para as Mulheres: Desafios para as Políticas Públicas. São Paulo: Coordenadoria Especial da Mulher. https://doi. org/10.1590/S0101-33002010000100005

Kergoat, Danièle (2010): Dinâmica e consubstancialidade das relações sociais. In: Novos Estudos CEBRAP 86, 93-103.

 

Leubolt, Bernhard/Romão, Wagner de Melo (2017): Social-Ecological Innovation in Brazil: The collective Survival Strategy of the collectors of Recyclable Material. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 33(2), 36-57. https://doi.org/10.20446/ JEP-2414-3197-33-2-36

 

Movimento Nacional de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis – MNCR (2014): Mulheres são maioria entre Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis. http://www. mncr.org.br/noticias/noticias-regionais/mulheres-sao-maioria-entre-catadoresorganizados-em-cooperativas, 23.4.2016.

 

Martinez-Alier, Joan (2003): The Environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation. Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.

 

Neumayer, Eric/Plümper, Thomas (2007): The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981-2002. In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(3), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x

Pádua, José Augusto (2002): Um sopro de destruição: pensamento político e crítica ambiental no Brasil escravista, 1786-1888. Zahar.

 

Porto, Marcelo F.S. (2011): Complexidade, processos de vulnerabilização e justiça ambiental: um ensaio de epistemologia política. In: Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais 93, 31-58. https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.133

 

Quijano, Aníbal (2005): Colonialidade do poder, Eurocentrismo e América Latina. In: Lander, Edgardo (ed.): A Colonialidade do saber. Eurocentrismo e ciências sociais. Perspectivas latino-americanas. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 227-278.

 

Samson, Melanie (2009): Refusing to be Cast Aside: Waste Pickers Organising Around the World. Cambridge: Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO).

Secretaria Municipal do Verde e Meio Ambiente – SVMA/ Secretaria de Planejamento do município de São Paulo – SEMPLA (2002): Atlas ambiental do município de São Paulo. São Paulo.

Silva, Sandro Pereira/Goes, Fernanda Lira/Alvarez, Albino Rodrigues (2013): Situação social das catadoras e dos catadores de material reciclável e reutilizável. Brasília: Ipea.

 

Tavares, Rossana (2015): Indiferença: espaços urbanos de resistência na perspectiva das desigualdades de Gênero. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Urbanismos. Tese de doutorado.

 

Unger, Nancy. (2008). The Role of Gender in Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 1(3), 115-120. Villaça, Flávio (2011): São Paulo: segregação urbana e desigualdade. In: Estudos avançados 25(71), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142011000100004

 

Wilson, David C./Rodic, Ljiljana/Scheinberg, Anne/Velis, Costas A./ Alabaster, Graham (2012): Comparative analysis of solid waste management in 20 cities. Waste Management & Research 30(3), 237-254. https://doi. org/10.1177/0734242X12437569

 

Wirth, I.G. (2013): Mulheres na triagem, homens na prensa: questões de gênero em cooperativas de catadores. São Paulo: Annablume/Fapesp.

 

List of interviews

 

Interview 1: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, A.C.P.], 25 years old, white, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 2: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, M.C.S.], 37 years old, black, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 3: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, J.M.], 36 years old, black, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 4: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, H.D.S.], 48 years old, black, 10/21/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 5: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, F.C.B.], 48 years old, black 10/21/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 6: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, V.S.], 31 years old, white 10/28/2016, translated by authors

 

Interview 7: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, R.E.F.], 25 years old, black 10/28/2016, translated by authors

Bierbrauer, Laura von (2011): Recuperadores urbanos. Abfallsammeln als Überlebensstrategie auf den Straßen von Buenos Aires. Berlin, Münster: LIT.

 

Boy, Martín/Paiva, Verónica (2009): El sector informal en la recolección y recuperación de residuos de la cuidad de Buenos Aires. 2001-2008. In: Quivera, 11(1), 1–11.

 

Braun, Joachim von/Gatzweiler, Franz (2014): Marginality - An Overview and Implications for Policy. In: Braun, Joachim von/Gatzweiler, Franz W. (eds.): Marginality. Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0077061-4_1

 

Brissac-Peixoto, Nelson (2009): Latin American Cities: the new urban formlessness. In: Biron, Rebecca (ed.): City/art. The urban scene in Latin America. Durham N.C.: Duke University Press, 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822390732011

 

Catterfeld, Philipp/Knecht, Alban (eds.) (2015): Flaschensammeln. Überleben in der Stadt. Konstanz, München: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft Konstanz.

 

Cheng, Lu-Lin/Gereffi, Gary (1994): The Informal Economy in East Asian Development. In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 18: 194–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1994.tb00262.x Demajorovic, Jaques/Lima, Márcia (2013): Cadeia de reciclagem. Um olhar para os catadores. São Paulo: SESC.

 

Grant, Richard (2015): Africa. Geographies of change, Oxford Univ. Press: New York, NY. Hafner, Robert (2014): handlung | macht | raum. Urbane MaterialsammlerKooperativen und ihre Livelihoods-Strategien in Buenos Aires. Wien, Berlin, Münster: LIT. IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ) (ed., 2018): Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros. Saneamento Básico. Rio de Janeiro.

 

International Labour Office (1972): Employment, incomes and equality: a strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya: Geneva.

 

International Labour Office (1993): Report of the Conference. Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians. Geneva, 19 - 28 January 1993.
164   
 

International Labour Office (2015): The changing nature of jobs. Geneva. Inverardi-Ferri, Carlo (2017): The enclosure of ‘waste land’. Rethinking informality and dispossession. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 26, 1–14.

 

Keller, Reiner (2009): Müll - Die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion des Wertvollen. Die öffentliche Diskussion über Abfall in Deutschland und Frankreich. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91731-3

 

Komlosy, Andrea (2015): Informalität aus globalhistorischer Perspektive. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 36–58. https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-314-36

 

Komlosy, Andrea/Parnreiter, Christof/Stacher, Irene/Zimmermann, Susan (1997): Der informelle Sektor: Konzepte, Widersprüche und Debatten. In: Komlosy, Andrea/Delapina, Franz (eds.): Ungeregelt und unterbezahlt. Der informelle Sektor in der Weltwirtschaft. Frankfurt: Brandes & Aspel/Südwind, 9–28.

 

Mahnkopf, Birgit/Altvater, Elmar (2015): Informelle Arbeit und das Leben in Unsicherheit. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 12–35. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-31-4-12

 

Meagher, Kate (2003): A Back Door to Globalisation? Structural Adjustment, Globalisation & Transborder Trade in West Africa. In: Review of African Political Economy, 30: 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308374

 

Mesa, Pablo Edgardo (2010): Los recuperadores urbanos en la gran ciudad metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros. Mingione, Enzo (1983): Informalization, restructuring and the survival strategies of the working class. In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 7, 311–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1983.tb00597.x

 

Moore, Sarah A. (2012): Garbage matters. In: Progress in Human Geography, 36, 780–799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512437077

 

Moser, Caroline O.N. (1978): Informal sector or petty commodity production. Dualism or dependence in urban development? In: World Development, 6, 1041–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(78)90062-1

 

Moser, Sebastian J. (2014): Pfandsammler. Erkundungen einer urbanen Sozialfigur. Hamburg: Hamburger Ed. HIS Verl.-Ges. Neuwirth, Robert (2012): Stealth of nations. The global rise of the informal economy. New York: Anchor Books. Oteng-Ababio, Martin/Amankwaa, Ebenezer Forkuo/Chama, Mary Anti (2014): The local contours of scavenging for e-waste and higher-valued constituent parts in Accra, Ghana. In: Habitat International, 43, 163–171. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.03.003

 

Oteng-Ababio, Martin/Owusu, George/Chama, Mary (2016): Intelligent enterprise. Wasting, valuing and re-valuing waste electrical and electronic equipment. In: The Geographical Journal, 182, 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12140

 

Pelc, Stanko (2017): Marginality and Marginalization. In: Chand, Raghubir/Nel, Etienne/Pelc, Stanko (eds.): Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization.

Marginal Regions in the 21st Century. Cham: Springer, 13–28. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-50998-3_2

 

Pereira, Bruna Cristina Jaquetto/Goes, Fernanda Lira (2016): Catadores de materiais recicláveis. Um encontro nacional. Brasília, DF: IPEA. Phillips, Nicola (2011): Informality, global production networks and the dynamics of ‘adverse incorporation’. In: Global Networks, 11, 380–397. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2011.00331.x

 

Portes, Alejandro/Castells, Manuel (eds.) (1991): The informal economy. Studies in advanced and less developed countries. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr. Roy, Anaya (ed.) (2004): Urban informality. Transnational perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia. Lanham Md.: Lexington Books. Samers, Michael (2005): The Myopia of “Diverse Economies”, or a Critique of the “Informal Economy”. In: Antipode, 37, 875–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.00664812.2005.00537.x

 

Samson, Melanie (2015): Accumulation by dispossession and the informal economy – Struggles over knowledge, being and waste at a Soweto garbage dump. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 33 (5), 813–830. https://doi. org/10.1177/0263775815600058 Schamber, Pablo (2009) Una Aproximación Histórica Y Estructural Sobre El Fenómeno Cartonero en Buenos Aires. Accessed January 1, 2019 from: http:// www.mininterior.gov.ar/asuntos_politicos_y_alectorales/incap/clases/Paper_ Schamber-1.pdf

 

Sicular, Daniel T. (1992): Scavengers, recyclers, and solutions for solid waste management in Indonesia. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California at Berkeley Sittel, Johanna/Berti, Natalia/Buffalo, Luciana/Schmalz, Stefan/Vidosa, Regina (2015): Reflexionen zum Informalitätskonzept am Beispiel der argentinischen Automobilindustrie. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 59–82. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-31-4-59

 

Der Standard (Jan. 5th, 2018): China will keinen Plastikabfall aus Europa mehr. Suárez, Francisco (1998) Que las recojan y las lleven fuera de la Ciudad. Buenos Aires: Universidad de General Sarmiento. Trudeau, Dan/McMorran, Chris (2011): The Geographies of Marginalisation. In: Casino, Vincent J. Del/Thomas, Mary E./Cloke, Paul/Panelli, Ruth (eds.): A Companion to Social Geography. Malden, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444395211.ch25

 

Varley, Ann (2013): Postcolonialising informality? In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 31, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1068/d14410 Yiftachel, Oren (2009): Theoretical Notes On ‘Gray Cities’. The Coming of Urban Apartheid? In: Planning Theory, 8, 88–100. https://doi. org/10.1177/1473095208099300

Zirkl, Frank (2007): Die Bedeutung der urbanen Ver- und Entsorgung für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung in Brasilien. Das Fallbeispiel Curitiba. Tübingen: Geograph. Inst. der Univ. Tübingen.