Mattersburger Kreis für Entwicklungspolitik
an den österreichischen Universitäten
Sensengasse 3
1090 Wien, Österreich
T +43 1 317 40 17
E office@mattersburgerkreis.at
Hauptmenü:
Der Beitrag fasst Weiterentwicklungen von Rosa Luxemburgs Analyse des Kapitalismus als System, das auf der fortgesetzten Ausbeutung nicht kapitalistisch wirtschaftender Bereiche beruht, zusammen. Diese Theorien bleiben jedoch der im kapitalistischen System vorherrschenden naturalistischen Ontologie verhaftet. Ein Aufbrechen dieser Ontologie, und damit eine Dekolonisierung des Denkens und Seins bedürfen der wertschätzenden Anerkennung anderer Ontologien und ihrer dialogischen Verschränkung (Pluriversalität) sowie entsprechenden Handelns. Diese dialogische Verschränkung ist allerdings nicht nur eine Angelegenheit von dekolonial orientierten Wissenschafter_innen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie sich die von Prozessen fortgesetzter ursprünglicher Akkumulation betroffene indigene Bevölkerung, die maseualmej des mexikanischen Bezirks Cuetzalan del Progreso, über eine solch pluriversale Verschränkung unterschiedlicher Ontologien ihrer endgültigen Kolonisierung entzieht.
Article (digital)
Introduction
Lawson, Tony (2006): The nature of heterodox economics. In: Cambridge Journal of Economics 30, 483-505. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei093
Lee, Frederic S. (2012): Heterodox economics and its critics. In: Review of Political Economy 24(2), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2012.664360
Lee, Frederic S./Jo, Tae-Hee (2011): Social Surplus Approach and Heterodox Economics. In: Journal of Economic Issues 45(4), 857-875. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624450406
Lehmann, Hermann (19904): Vorwort. In: Luxemburg, Rosa (1990): Gesammelte Werke: Bd. 5: Ökonomische Schriften. Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1*-32*.
Luxemburg, Rosa (1951): The Accumulation of Capital. In: Stark, Werner (ed.): Rare Masterpieces of Philosophy and Science, Frome/London: Routledge/Kegan Paul Ltd.
Martins, Nuno Ornelas (2013): Classical Surplus Theory and Heterodox Economics. In: American Journal of Economics and Sociology 72(5), 1205-1231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12045
Marx, Karl (2008a23): Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, Erster Band. Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels Werke, Band 23, Berlin: Karl Dietz Verlag.
Marx, Karl (2008b16): Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, Dritter Band. Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels Werke, Band 25, Berlin: Karl Dietz Verlag.
März, Eduard (1965): Einleitung. In: Luxemburg, Rosa (1913) Die Akkumulation des Kapitals. Bücher-Such-Dienst-BIBLIOTHEK gesellschaftswissenschaftlicher Neudrucke, Zürich: Limmat, I-VIII.
Massey, Doreen (1994): Space, Place and Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Milonakis, Dimitris/Fine, Ben (2009): From political economy to economics: method, the social and the historical in the evolution of economic theory. Oxon: Routledge.
Mises, Ludwig (2003): The historical setting of the Austrian School of economics. Ludwig von Mises Institute. https://mises.org/library/historical-setting-austrian-school-economics-0, 15. November 2018.
Nnadozie, Emmanuel (2006): Economics and African Studies. In: Zeleza, Paul Tiyamba (ed.): The Study of Africa. Volume I. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Encounters. Oxford: African Books Collective, 203-232.
O’Hara, Phillip Anthony (2015): Exploitation and surplus. In: Davis, John B./Dolfsma, Wilfred (eds.): The Elgar Companion to Social Economics. Cheltenham: Elgar, 716-734. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783478545.00057
Power, Marilyn (2004): Social Provisioning as a Starting Point for Feminist Economics. In: Feminist Economics 10(3), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000267608
Pujol, Michèle A. (1992): Feminism and Anti-Feminism in Early Economic Thought. Hants: Edward Elgar.
Robinson, Joan (1951): Introduction. In: Stark, Werner (ed.) Rare Masterpieces of Philosophy and Science, Frome/London: Routledge/Kegan Paul Ltd, 13-28.
Thorbecke, Erik (2000): The evolution of the development doctrine and the role of foreign aid, 1950-2000. In: Tarp, Finn (ed.): Foreign aid and development. Lessons learnt and directions for the future. London/New York: Routledge, 17-47.
Todaro, Michael P./Smith, Stephen C. (201512): Economic Development. Essex: Pearson Education.
Walras, Léon (1965 [1926]): Elements of Pure Economics or the Theory of Social Wealth. London: George Allen and Unwin.
Introduction
This article first explains the different methodological approaches of Luxemburg’s theory of imperialism as compared to those of Hilferding and Lenin. It then recapitulates her main argument that capital accumulation relies on the expansion into non-capitalist environment. Based on the understanding that such expansion is not necessarily geographical, but can also occur within non-capitalist spheres and strata in countries already dominated by the capitalist mode of production, the article uses Luxemburg’s arguments to explain the Keynesian and neoliberal waves of accumulation. It also demonstrates that capitalist expansion takes on historically specific forms. Each of these forms provides only so much room for expansion, once this is exhausted a major crisis occurs.
Amin, Samir (1974): Accumulation on a World Scale. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Arrighi, Giovanni (2007): Adam Smith in Beijing – Lineages of the 21st Century. London: Verso.
Baran, Paul A./Sweezy, Paul M. (1966): Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Beckert, Sven (2014): Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Alfred Knopf.
Bilmes. Linda/Stiglitz, Joseph (2008): The Three Trillion Dollar War. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company.
Bond, Patrick/Garcia, Ana (2015): BRICS – An Anti-Capitalist Critique. Chicago: Haymarket.
Brenner, Robert (2006): The Economics of Global Turbulence. London: Verso.
Čakardić, Ankica (2017): From Theory of Accumulation to Social Reproduction Theory: A Case for Luxemburgian Feminism. In: Historical Materialism 25 (4), 37-64. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-12341542
Chesnais, François (2017): Finance Capital Today – Corporations and Banks in the Lasting Global Slump. Chicago: Haymarket.
Chossudovsky, Michel (1997): The Globalisation of Poverty: Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms. London: Zed Books.
Dörre, Klaus (2015): The New Landnahme: Dynamic. In: Dörre, Klaus; Lessenich, Stefan; Rosa, Hartmut (eds.): Sociology, Capitalism, Critique. London: Verso, 11-66.
Emmanuel, Arghiri (1972): Unequal Exchange. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Feliz, Mariano (2014): Neo-developmentalism, Accumulation by Dispossession and Internartional Rent, Argentina, 2003-2013. International Critical Thought (4): 4, 499-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2014.954251
Ferguson, Niall (2014): The Great Degeneration – How Institutions Decay and Economies Die. London: Penguin.
Foster, John Bellamy (2006): Naked Imperialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster, John Bellamy, McChesney, Robert (2012): The Endless Crisis – How Monopoly-Finance Capital Produces Stagnation and Upheaval from the USA to China. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster, John Bellamy; Holleman, Hannah (2014): The Theory of Unequal Ecological Exchange: A Marx-Odum Dialectic. Journal of Peasant Studies (41): 2, 199-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.889687
Frangakis, Marika/Hermann, Christoph/Huffschmid, Jörg/Lorant, Karoly (eds., 2009): Privatisation Against the European Social Model: A Critique of European Policies and Proposals for Alternatives. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Frank, Andre Gunder (1969): Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Fraser, Nancy (2016): Capital and Care. New Left Review 100, 99-118.
Gindin, Sam/Panitch, Leo (2013): The Making of Global Capitalism: The Political Economy of American Empire. London: Verso.
Hardt, Michael/Antonio Negri (2000): Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Harvey, David (2003): The New Imperialism. Oxford University Press.
Harvey, David (2005): A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
Hilferding, Rudolf (1910) 2006: Finance Capital: A Study in the Latest Phase of Capitalism. London: Routledge.
Hobsbawm, Eric. (1989): The Age of Empire, 1875-1914. London: Abacus Books.
Horne, Gerald (2018): The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism – The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, and Capitalism in 17th Century North America and the Caribbean. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Hossein-Zadeh, Ismael (2006): The Political Economy of US Militarism. Houndmills/Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403983428
Hung, Ho-fung (2016): The China Boom – Why China Will Not Rule the World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kagarlitsky, Boris (2008): Empire of the Periphery – Russia and the World System. London: Pluto Press.
Kalecki, Michal (1969): Theory of Economic Dynamics. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Kessler-Harris, Alice (1981): Women Have Always Worked – A Historical Overview. New York: Feminist Press.
Kidron, Michael (1968): Western Capitalism Since the War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Kohli, Atul (2004): State-Directed Development – Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754371
Konings, Martijn (ed., 2010): The Great Credit Crash. London: Verso.
Lapavitsas, Costas (2013): Profiting Without Producing: How Finance Exploits Us All. London: Verso.
Lenin, Vladimir I. (1916) 2010: Imperialism – the Highest Stage of Capitalism. London: Penguin.
Li, Minqi (2016): China and the 21st Century Crisis. London: Pluto.
Luxemburg, Rosa. (1913) 2016. The Accumulation of Capital. In The Complete Works of Rosa Luxemburg, Volume 2, 7-342. London: Verso.
Magdoff, Harry (2003): Imperialism Without Colonies. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Marx, Karl. (1885) 1978. Capital, Volume 2. London: Penguin.
Mercille, Julien/Murphy, Enda (2017): What Is Privatization? A Political Economy Framework. Environment and Planning 49 (5), 1040-1059. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16689085
Mies, Maria (1999): Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. London: Zed Books.
Milios, John/Sotiropoulos, Dimitris (2009): Rethinking Imperialism. Houndmills/Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230250642
Robinson, William I. (2004): A Theory of Global Capitalism. Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Schmidt, Ingo (2008): Kollektiver Imperialismus, Varianten des Neoliberalismus und neue Regionalmächte. In: Schmidt, Ingo (ed.): Spielarten des Neoliberalismus. Hamburg: VSA Verlag, 7-39.
Schmidt, Ingo (2010): Exportorientiertes Wachstum in China, Deutschland und Japan: Herausforderung oder Bestandteil der US Hegemonie? In: Prokla 40 (4), 505-524.
Schmidt, Ingo (2011): There Were Alternatives: Lessons From Efforts to Advance Beyond Keynesian and Neoliberal Policies in the 1970s. In: Working USA 14 (4), 473-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2011.00358.x
Schmidt, Ingo (2012): Rosa Luxemburg’s Accumulation of Capital: A Centennial Update with Additions from Long Wave Theory and Karl Polanyi’s Great Transformation. In: Critique – Journal of Socialist Theory 40 (3), 337–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2012.697759
Schmidt, Ingo (2014): Capital Accumulation and Class Struggles from the ‘Long 19th Century’ to the Present – A Luxemburgian Interpretation. International Critical Thought (4), 4, 457-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2014.954319
Schmidt, Ingo (2016): Limits to Social Democracy, Populist Moments, and Left Alternatives. In: Idem (ed.): The Three Worlds of Social Democracy – A Global View. London: Pluto, 251-276. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1dwstk8.15
Schmidt, Ingo (2017): ‘Capital’ and the History of Class Struggle. In: Schmidt, Ingo; Fanelli, Carlo (eds.): Reading ‘Capital’ Today. London: Pluto, 18-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1n7qknt.4
Schweickart, David (2015): China: Socialist or Capitalist? In: Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 14 (1-2), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341330
Smith, John (2016): Imperialism in the 21st Century: Globalization, Super-Exploitation, and Capitalism’s Final Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Wood, Ellen (2003): Empire of Capital. London/New York: Verso.
Zarembka, Paul (2002): Rosa Luxemburg’s ‘Accumulation of Capital’ – Critics Try to Bury the Message. In: Lehmann, Jennifer (Ed): Bringing Capitalism Back for Critique in Social Theory 21, 3-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-1204(02)80004-4
imperialism, expanded reproduction, accumulation by dispossession, unequal exchange, Keynesian wave of accumulation, neoliberal wave of accumulation
This paper develops a theoretical framework to understand contemporary socio-ecological conflicts in the context of capitalist development. Drawing on almost 2,400 cases mapped in the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJA), it outlines major characteristics of these struggles. It is suggested that these struggles are best understood as class struggles of a distinct form. While traditional class struggles focus on the capital-labour relation situated in the visible zone of commodity production, socio-ecological conflicts are analysed through a reinterpretation of Rosa Luxemburg’s theory of imperialism as value struggles between capitalist and non-capitalist modes of (re)production. The implications for capitalist development are highlighted by introducing the inversion of Joseph Schumpeter’s famous Creative Destruction, thus Destructive Creation. As frontier-making processes, these conflicts are conceptualised as dynamic limits to capital and therefore are an important terrain for socio-ecological transformation.
Albo, Greg (2016): Rosa Luxemburg and Contemporary Capitalism. In Dellheim, Judith/Wolf, Frieder Otto (eds.): Rosa Luxemburg: A Permanent Challenge For Political Economy. On History and the Present of Luxemburg’s “Accumulation of Capital. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 25–54. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60108-7_2
Alnasseri, Sabah (2004): Periphere Regulation. Regulationstheoretische Konzepte Zur Analyse von Entwicklungsstrategien Im Arabischen Raum. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.
Andreucci, Diego/García-Lamarca, Melissa/Wedekind, Jonah/Swyngedouw, Erik (2017): ‘Value Grabbing’: A Political Ecology of Rent. In: Capitalism Nature Socialism 28 (3), 28–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2016.1278027
Beckert, Sven (2015): Empire of Cotton: A Global History. London: Penguin.
Brand, Ulrich/Brunnengräber, Achim/Andresen, Steinar/Driessen, Peter/Haberl, Helmut/Hausknost, Daniel/Helgenberger, Sebastian (2013): Debating Transformation in Multiple Crises. In: ISSC/UNESOC (eds.): World Social Science Report 2013. Changing Global Environments. Paris: OECD and UNESCO.
Brand, Ulrich/Görg, Christoph/Hirsch, Joachim/Wissen, Markus (2008): Conflicts in Global Environmental Regulation and the Internationlization of the State. Constested Terrains. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203928509
Brand, Ulrich/Wissen, Markus (2013): Crisis and Continuity of Capitalist Society-Nature Relationships: The Imperial Mode of Living and Limits to Environmental Governance. In: Review of International Political Economy 20 (4), 687–711. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2012.691077
Buckel, Sonja (2015): Dirty Capitalism. In: Martin, Dirk/Martin, Susanne/Wissel, Jens (eds.): Perspektiven und Konstellationen Kritischer Theorie. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, 29–48.
Burkett, Paul (1996): Value, Capital and Nature: Some Ecological Implications of Marx’s Critique of Political Economy. In: Science and Society 60 (3), 332–59.
Collier, Paul (2011): The Plundered Planet. Why We Must - and How We Can - Manage Nature for Global Prosperity. New York: Oxford University Press.
De Angelis, Massimo (2006): The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Pluto Press.
Elson, Diane (1998): The Economic, the Political and the Domestic: Business, States and Households in the Organisation of Production. In: New Political Economy 3 (2), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563469808406349
Elson, Diane (2015): The Value Theory of Labour. In: Elson, Diane (ed.): Value. The Representation of Labour in Capitalism. London/New York: Verso, 115–80.
Escobar, Arturo (2006): Difference and Conflict in the Struggle Over Natural Resources: A Political Ecology Framework. In: Development 49 (3), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100267
ESCR-Net/IHRC (2013): The Price of Steel. Human Rights and Forced Evictions in the POSCO- India Project. https://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/0712_ThePriceOfSteel_Web2.pdf, 11.09.2018.
FacingFinance (2018): Dirty Profits 6. Mining and Extractive Companies: Promises and Progress. http://www.facing-finance.org/files/2018/05/DP6_ONLINEXVERSION.pdf, 11.09.2018.
Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch. Women, Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.
Federici, Silvia (2012): Revolution at Point Zero. Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. New York: Autonomedia.
Foster, John Bellamy/Clark, Brett/York, Richard (2011): Der Ökologische Bruch. Der Krieg des Kapitals gegen den Planeten. Hamburg: LAIKA-Verlag.
Gerber, Julien-François/Veuthey, Sandra/Martinez-Alier, Joan (2009): Linking Political Ecology with Ecological Economics in Tree Plantation Conflicts in Cameroon and Ecuador. In: Ecological Economics 68 (12), 2885–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.06.029
Görg, Christoph (2004): Inwertsetzung. In: Haug, Wolfgang Fritz (ed.) Historisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch des Marxismus. Band 6/II. Hamburg: Argument Verlag, 1501-06.
Guha, Ramachandra/Martinez-Alier, Joan (1997): Varieties of Environmentalism. Essays North and South. London: Earthscan.
Haberl, Helmut/Fischer-Kowalski, Marina/Krausmann, Fridolin/Martinez-Alier, Joan/Winiwarter, Verena (2011): A Socio-Metabolic Transition towards Sustainability? Challenges for Another Great Transformation. In: Sustainable Development 19, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.410
Huws, Ursula (2014): Labor in the Global Digital Economy: The Cybertariat Comes of Age. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Katz, Cindi (2001): Vagabond Capitalism and the Necessity of Social Reproduction, In: Antipode 33 (4), 709–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00207
Krausmann, Fridolin/Gingrich,Simone/Eisenmenger, Nina/Erb, Karl Heinz/Haberl, Helmut/Fischer-Kowalski, Marina (2009): Growth in Global Materials Use, GDP and Population during the 20th Century. In: Ecological Economics 68 (10), 2696–2705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.05.007
Le Billon, Philippe (2012): Wars of Plunder. Conflicts, Profits and the Politics of Resources. London: Hurst & Company.
LeBaron, Genevieve (2010): The Political Economy of the Household: Neoliberal Restructuring, Enclosures, and Daily Life. In: Review of International Political Economy 17 (5), 889–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290903573914
Levien, Michael (2013): The Politics of Dispossession: Theorizing India’s ‘Land Wars.’ In: Politics & Society 41, 351–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213493751
Lohmann, Larry (2012): Financialization, Commodification and Carbon: The Contradictions of Neoliberal Climate Policy. In: Socialist Register 48, 85–107.
Luxemburg, Rosa (2003): The Accumulation of Capital. London/New York: Routledge.
Malm, Andreas (2016): Fossil Capital. The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. London/New York: Verso.
Martinez-Alier, Joan (2002): The Environmentalism of the Poor. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843765486
Martinez-Alier, Joan (2003): Mining Conflicts, Environmental Justice, and Valuation. In: Agyeman, Julian/Bullard, Robert D./Evans, Bob (eds.): Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World. London: Earthscan, 201–28.
Martinez-Alier, Joan/Kallis, Giorgos/Veuthey, Sandra/Walter, Mariana/Temper, Leah (2010): Special Section: Ecological Distribution Conflicts. In: Ecological Economics 70 (2), 137– 452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.024
Marx, Karl (1887): Capital. A Critique of Political Economy Volume I Book One: The Process of Production of Capital. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, Karl/Engels, Frederick (1969): Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/, 11.09.2018.
Mies, Maria (1986): Patriarchy and Capital Accumulation on a World Scale. London: ZedBooks.
Moore, Jason W. (2015): Capitalism in the Web of Life. Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. London/New York: Verso.
Moore, Jason W. (2010a): ‘Amsterdam Is Standing on Norway’ Part I: The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545-1648. In: Journal of Agrarian Change 10 (1), 33–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00256.x
Moore, Jason W. (2010b): ‘Amsterdam Is Standing on Norway’ Part II: The Global North Atlantic in the Ecological Revolution of the Long Seventeenth Century. In: Journal of Agrarian Change 10 (2), 188–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00262.x
Moore, Jason W. (2010c): Maderia, Sugar, and the Conquest of Nature in the ‘First’ Sixteenth Century, Part II. In: Review XXXIII (1), 1–24.
Moore, Jason W. (2000): Sugar and the Expansion of the Early Modern World-Economy: Commodity Frontiers, Ecological Transformation, and Industrialization. In: Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 23 (3), 409–33.
Navas, Grettel/Mingorria, Sara/Aguilar-González, Bernardo (2018): Violence in Environmental Conflicts: The Need for a Multidimensional Approach. In: Sustainability Science 13 (3), 649–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0551-8
Nixon, Rob (2011): Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674061194
Özkaynak, Begüm/Rodríguez-Labajos, Beatriz/Aydin, Cem Iskender (2015): Towards Environmental Justice Success in Mining Resistances. EJOLT Report 14. http://www.ejolt.org/2015/04/towards-environmental-justice-success-mining-conflicts/, 11.09.2018.
Padhi, Ranjana/Patana, Nigam (2017): POSCO Exit. Pyrrhic Victory for the People’s Movement.” In: Economic & Political Weekly 52 (41), 33–35.
Parenti, Christian (2015): The 2013 ANTIPODE AAG Lecture. The Environment Making State: Territory, Nature, and Value. In: Antipode 47 (4), 829–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12134
Patel, Raj/Moore, Jason W. (2017): A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things. A Guide to Capitalism, Nature and the Future of the Planet. Oakland: University of California Press.
Perelman, Michael (2007): Primitive Accumulation from Feudalism to Neoliberalism. In: Capitalism Nature Socialism 18 (2), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455750701366410
Raza, Werner G. (2003): Politische Ökonomie und Natur im Kapitalismus. Skizze einer regulationstheoretischen Konzeptionalisierung. In Brand, Ulrich/Raza, Werner (eds.): Fit Für Den Postfordismus? Theoretisch-Politische Perspektiven Des Regulationsansatzes. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, 158–74.
Roy, Arundathi (2010): The Trickle Down Revolution. In: Outlook India, https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-trickledown-revolution/267040, 11.09.2018.
Sanyal, Kalyan (2007): Rethinking Capitalist Development. Primitive Accumulation, Governmentality & Post-Colonial Capitalism. New Delhi: Routledge.
Schaffartzik, Anke/Mayer, Andreas/Eisenmenger, Nina/Krausmann, Fridolin (2016): Global Patterns of Metal Extractivism, 1950–2010: Providing the Bones for the Industrial Society’s Skeleton. In: Ecological Economics 122, 101–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.12.007
Scheidel, Arnim/Temper, Leah /Demaria, Federico/Martínez-Alier, Joan (2017): Ecological Distribution Conflicts as Forces for Sustainability: An Overview and Conceptual Framework. In: Sustainability Science 13 (3), 585–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-017-0519-0
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1950): Kapitalismus, Sozialismus Und Demokratie. Münster: A. Francke Verlag.
Shah, Anil (2016): Destructive Creation. Analyzing Contemporary Socio-Ecological Conflicts as Frontiers of Capitalist Development. New Research in GPE Working Paper 01/2016, Kassel.
Shiva, Vandana (1993): The Violence of the Green Revolution. Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics. London: ZedBooks.
Singh, Neera M. (2015): Payments for Ecosystem Services and the Gift Paradigm: Sharing the Burden and Joy of Environmental Care. In: Ecological Economics 117, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.06.011
Swyngedouw, Erik (2015): Liquid Power: Contested Hydro-Modernities in Twentieth-Century Spain, 1898-2010. Cambridge/London: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262029032.001.0001
Temper, Leah/del Bene, Daniela/Martinez-Alier, Joan (2015): Mapping the Frontiers and Front Lines of Global Environmental Justice: The EJAtlas. In: Journal of Political Ecology 22, 255–78. https://doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21108
Temper, Leah/Demaria, Federico/Del Bene, Daniela/Scheidel, Arnim/Martinez-Alier, Joan (2018): Ecological Distribution Conflicts as Forces for Sustainability: The Global Atlas of Environmental Justice. In: Sustainability Science 13 (3), 573–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0563-4
Temper, Leah/Martínez-Alier, Joan (2013): The God of the Mountain and Godavarman: Net Present Value, Indigenous Territorial Rights and Sacredness in a Bauxite Mining Conflict in India. In: Ecological Economics 96, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.09.011
Urkidi, Leire (2010): A Glocal Environmental Movement against Gold Mining: Pascua–Lama in Chile. In: Ecological Economics 70 (2), 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.05.004
von Werlhof, Claudia (2000): ‘Globalization’ and the ‘Permanent’ Process of ‘Primitive Accumulation’: The Example of the MAI, the Multilateral Agreement on Investment. In: Journal of World-Systems Research 6 (3), 728-47. https://doi.org/10.5195/JWSR.2000.199
Watts, Jonathan (2018) Almost Four Environmental Defenders a Week Killed in 2017. In: The Guardian.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/02/almost-four-environmental-defenders-a-week-killed-in-2017, 11.09.2018.
Welzer, Harald (2012): Climate Wars. What People Will Be Killed For in the 21st Century.Cambridge: Polity Press.
creative destruction, primitive accumulation, socio-ecological conflicts, environmental justice
Rosa Luxemburg’s Accumulation of Capital provided Africa’s first known Marxist account of class, race, gender, society-nature and regional oppressions. She was far ahead of her time in grappling with the theory and practice of capitalist/non-capitalist relations that today not only characterise Western multinational corporate extraction but also that of firms from several contemporary ‘emerging’ economies. This article contends that in her tradition, two recent areas of analysis now stand out, even if they have not yet received sufficient attention by critics of underdevelopment: the expanded understanding of value transfers from Africa based on natural resource depletion; and the ways that collaborations between imperial and subimperial national powers (and power blocs) contribute to Africa’s poverty. Using these two newly-revived areas of enquiry, several aspects of Luxemburg’s Accumulation of Capital stand out for their continuing relevance to the current conjuncture in contemporary Africa: capitalist/non-capitalist relations; natural resource value transfer; capitalist crisis tendencies and displacements; imperialism then and imperialism/subimperialism now; and the need to evolve from protests to solidarities through socialist ideology.
African Development Bank/OECD Development Centre/UN Development Programme/Economic Commission for Africa (2017): African Economic Outlook 2017. Entrepreneurship and Industrialisation. Tunis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/aeo-2017-en
AmaBhungane (2013): Central African Republic: Is this what our soldiers died for? In: Mail&Guardian, 28 March 2013. https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-28-00-central-african-republic-is-this-what-our-soldiers-died-for, 22. 10. 2018.
Amin, Samir (1977): Imperialism and Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, Samir (1990): Delinking. London: Zed Books.
Amin, Samir (2018): Modern Imperialism, Monopoly Finance Capital, and Marx's Law of Value. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Bauer, Otto (1907): On British Imperialism. In: Day, Richard B./Gaido, Daniel (ed., 2011): Discovering Imperialism. Social Democracy to World War I. Historical Materialism Book Series, 33. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 313-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004210820_022
Bench Marks Foundation (2014): Turning the tide. Independent problem solving service for mining companies and affected communities. Johannesburg: Bench Marks Foundation. http://www.bench-marks.org.za/publications/ipss_brochure.pdf, 23. 10. 2018.
Biney, Arna (2013) Is Africa really rising? In: Pambazuka News, 4 September 2013. http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/88748, 22. 10. 2018.
Bond, Patrick (2016): Who Wins From “Climate Apartheid”? African Climate Justice Narratives About the Paris COP21. In: New Politics 15 (4), 122-129.
Bond, Patrick (2017): The BRICS re-scramble Africa. In: Westra, Richard (Ed): The Political Economy of Emerging Markets: Varieties of BRICS in the Age of Global Crises and Austerity, London: Routledge, 101-134.
Bond, Patrick (2018): Economic-ecological narratives for resisting extractive industries in Africa. In: Research in Political Economy 33, 73-110. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0161-723020180000033004
Bond, Patrick/Garcia, Ana (eds., 2015): BRICS: An Anti-Capitalist Critique. London: Pluto Press.
Branch, Adam/Mampilly, Zachary (2015): Africa uprising: Popular Protest and Political Change. London: Zed Books.
Brandes, Nikolai/Engels, Bettina (2011): Social Movements in Africa. In: Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien, 20/2011, 1-15.
Brewer, Anthony (1980): Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul.
Budlender, Josh/Woolard, Ingrid/Leibbrandt, Murray (2015): How current measures underestimate the level of poverty in South Africa. In: The Conversation, 3 September 2015. https://theconversation.com/how-current-measures-underestimate-the-level-of-poverty-in-south-africa-46704, 23. 10. 2018.
Bukharin, Nikolai (1972 [1915]): Imperialism and the World Economy. New York: Monthly Review.
Cabral, Amilcar (1966): The weapon of theory. Address delivered to the first Tricontinental Conference of the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Havana, January 1966. https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/cabral/1966/weapon-theory.htm, 23. 10. 2018.
D’Sa, Desmond/Bond, Patrick (2018): Odious BRICS loan for Durban port project will not go unopposed. In: Business Day, 6 June 2018, https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-06-06-odious-brics-loan-for-durban-port-project-will-not-go-unopposed/, 23. 10. 2018.
Dwyer, Peter/Zeilig, Leo (2012): African Struggles Today: Social Movements Since Independence. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
Ekine, Sokari (2011): Defiant in the face of brutality. In: Pambazuka News, 532, 2 June 2011. http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/73738, 23.10.2018.
Farlam Commission (2015), Marikana Commission Of Inquiry: Report On Matters Of Public, National And International Concern Arising Out Of The Tragic Incidents At The Lonmin Mine In Marikana, In The North West Province. Pretoria. https://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/marikana-report-1.pdf, 23.10.2018
Fanon, Frantz (1967) Toward the African Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Ferrando, Tomaso (2013) BRICS and land grabbing. In: Bond, Patrick (ed.) BRICS in Africa. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Centre for Civil Society, 1-32.+
Fransman, Marius (2012): South Africa: A strong African brick in BRICS. Speech to Stellenbosch University, 21 November 2012. http://www.gegafrica.org/news/south-africa-a-strong-african-brick-in-brics, 23.10.2018.
Harvey, David (2003) The New Imperialism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, David (2017) Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. London: Profile Books.
Hilferding, Rudolf (1981 [1910]): Finance Capital. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul.
Hobson, John A. (1902) Imperialism, A Study. Marxists’ Internet Archive. https://www.marxists.org/archive/hobson/1902/imperialism/index.htm, 23.10.2018.
Hopfman, Arndt (2007): The Accumulation of Capital in historical perspective. In: Bond, Patrick/Chitonge, Horman/Hopfmann, Arndt (eds.), The Accumulation of Capital in Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, 17-24. http://ccs.ukzn.ac.za/files/RL%20Capital-africa.pdf, 23.10.2018.
Kautsky, Karl (1914): Imperialism and the War. In: International Socialist Review. https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1914/09/war.htm, 23.10.2018.
Kayakiran, Firat/Van Vuuren, Andre Janse (2015): Community acceptance is the mother lode of mining. In: Business Day, 30 March 2015. https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/world/2015-03-30-community-acceptance-is-the-mother-lode-of-mining/, 23.10.2018.
Kuhn, Annette/Wolpe, Ann Marie (Eds) (1978): Feminism and Materialism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Lange, Glenn-Marie/Wodon, Quentin/Carey, Kevin (eds., 2018): The changing wealth of nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29001, 23.10.2018.
Lenin, Vladimir (1986 [1917]): Imperialism. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Luxemburg, Rosa (2003 [1913]): The Accumulation of Capital. New York: Routledge.
Mampilly, Zacharian (2013): Urban protests and rural violence in Africa: A call for an integrated approach. African Futures Forum, Social Science Research Council., New York. http://forums.ssrc.org/african-futures/2013/02/04/urban-protests-and-rural-violence-in-africa-a-call-for-an-integrated-approach/, 23.10.2018.
Manji, Firoze/Ekine, Sokari (eds., 2012): African Awakening. The Emerging Revolutions. Cape Town/Dakar/Nairobi/Oxford: Pambazuka Press.
Meillassoux, Claude (1975): Maidens, Meal and Money. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mhone, Guy (2001): Enclavity and constrained labour absortive capacity in Southern African economies. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/httpNetITFramePDF?ReadForm&parentunid=B81999299E53F9ECC1256BC90047A536&parentdoctype=paper&netitpath=80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/B81999299E53F9ECC1256BC90047A536/$file/mhone.pdf
Nabudere, Dani Wadada (1979): Essays on the Theory and Practice of Imperialism. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
Phimister, Ian (1992): Unscrambling the Scramble: Africa’s Partition Reconsidered. African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, African Studies Seminar Paper, 321. http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/9599/ISS-350.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, 23.10.2018.
Raghavan, Chakravarthi (2015) Doha SU diminished, not dead, and retrievable. Third World News Network, 23 December 2015. https://www.twn.my/title2/wto.info/2015/ti151222.htm, 23.10.2018.
Saul, John S./Bond, Patrick (2014): South Africa – The Present as History. From Mrs Ples to Mandela and Marikana. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.
Stratfor (2009): Monography for comment - South Africa. Wikileaks, The Global Intelligence Files, 5 May 2009. https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=951571, 23.10.2018.
Wengraf, Lee (2018): Extracting Profit. Chicago: Haymarket Press.
Wolpe, Harold (Ed) (1980): Articulations of Modes of Production. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
WoMin (2018): Womin in Mining. Johannesburg. http://womin.org.za/, 23.10.2018.
World Bank (2014): Fiscal policy and redistribution in an unequal society. South Africa Economic Update 6. Washington DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/933231468101334970/pdf/921670WP0P131400SAEU60for0web01029b.pdf, 23.10.2018
World Economic Forum (2017): The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018. Davos: World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf, 23.10.2018.
accumulation by dispossession, Africa, imperialism, natural resources, subimperialism
Rezension:
Felix Wemheuer (Hg.): Marx und der globale Süden. Neue Kleine Bibliothek 227. Köln: PapyRossa Verlag 2016.