Schwerpunktredaktion: Helmut Krieger
Print ISSN: 0258-2384│Online ISSN: 2414-3197
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Nurturing Alternative Development: Agricultural Cooperatives in Palestine
- Abstract
- Literatur
- Keywords
Introduction
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Krieger, Helmut (2015): Umkämpfte Staatlichkeit. Palästina zwischen Besatzung, Entwicklung und politischen Islam. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
Kuttab, Eileen (2006): The Paradox of Women’s Work: Coping, Crisis, and Family Survival. In: Taraki, Lisa (ed.): Living Palestine, Family Survival, Resistance, and Mobility under Occupation. USA: Syracuse University Press.
Kuttab, Eileen (2010): Empowerment as Resistance: Conceptualizing Palestinian Women's Empowerment. In: Development. Society for International Development 53(2), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2010.22
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Introduction
A Food Regime’s Perspective on Palestine: Neoliberalism and the Question of Land and Food Sovereignty within the Context of Occupation
- Abstract
- Literatur
- Keywords
The question of land and its strategic, socio-political and agricultural relevance within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict must be understood against the background of the dominant position of Israel as occupational power, heavily affecting the access to, and the control over natural resources. The subjects discussed within this article are intrinsically linked via the usage of the food regime approach as analytical tool, and the article’s specific focus on land. An attempt is made to grasp the neoliberal restructuring of Palestine and its developments in the agricultural sector, paying particular attention to land grabbing. Neoliberalism aided the institutionalising and normalising of accumulation by dispossession in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt), these being identified as a key feature of the corporate food regime, and leading to the marginalisation of rural communities and to depeasantisation. The crises of the food regime spurred food sovereignty movements all around the globe. While analysing the political demands and approaches of the concept of food sovereignty centered around natural resources, this article also explores why the concept offers various ideas for an alternative development in Palestine. This paper tries to show how specific dynamics observed by the food regime analytics can be helpful in contextualising developments within the oPt – ranging from neoliberal restructuring to the emergence of food sovereignty.
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food sovereignty, Palestine, food regime, land grabbing, neoliberalism, alternative development
Conceptual and Methodological Approaches to Reading the Realm of Cooperatives in Occupied Palestine
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In his book Victims of Development, Jeremy Seabrook analyses and criticises the impact of development on local populations, which brought to mind the Palestinian development conditions and prompted this important contextual and methodical study of Palestinian cooperatives as alternative methods of development that arose within the context of living under global colonial conditions. Several controversial questions came out of this study of cooperatives. The most crucial issues in the debate are whether to surrender to that reality and de facto context, or attempt to change it; to become captive to consumerism or redeem production that is based on experience and expertise, and whether to give in to individualism that undermines self-reliance or revert to productive collective action. The study also raises the critical question of whether to accept the loss of local experiences and valuable initiatives instead of moving into the path of empowerment and change. These are the actualities and alternatives for change revealed through the methodological conceptual approach of this study within a critical reading of the experience of cooperatives in a colonial context.
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Roy, Sara (1987): The Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De-Development. In: Journal of Palestine Studies 17 (1), 56-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2536651
Salzmann, Philipp (forthcoming, 2018): A Food Regime Perspective on Palestine: Neoliberalism and the Question of Land and Food Sovereignty within the Context of Occupation. Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 34 (1).
Schwettmann, Jürgen (2014): Cooperatives in Africa: Success and Challenges. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Seabrook, Jeremy (1993): Victims of Development: Resistance and Alternatives. London: Verso Books.
Sen, Amartya (1999): Development as freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Srouji, Fathi (2015): Reforming the Cooperatives Sector in Palestine. Ramallah: Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS).
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Tabar, Linda (2013): People’s Power: Lessons from the First Intifada. Book, Critical Readings of Development under Colonialism: Towards a Political Economy for Liberation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Birzeit: Birzeit University Center for Development Studies.
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agricultural cooperatives, roots of change, alternative methods of development, colonialism, culture of change
Alternative Development: A Response to Neo-Liberal De-Development from a Gender Perspective
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This article is a critical reflection on, and contextualisation of, the Palestinian ‘de-development’ process over the last 50 years of Israeli settler-colonial occupation. It also highlights the Palestinian Authority’s neo-liberal economic practice of structural adjustment post Oslo, that resulted in weakening the resistance economy and community development initiatives, while blocking any opportunity for steadfastness and self-reliance. It presents local community responses in a historical and gender perspective. Kuttab re-examines and re-visits ‘alternative development’ as a concept and paradigm through a case study of the women's cooperative ‘Our Production is Our Pride’, which endorsed principles of resistance, steadfastness, independence and liberation.
Abed, George (1988): The Palestinian Economy Under Prolonged Occupation. London: Routledge.
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Kuttab, Eileen (1995): Investing in Half the Population: A Critical Review of the World Bank's Plan for Emergency Assistance to the Occupied Territories. In: Gender and Society. Working Paper 2. Birzeit University: Women Studies Program.
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Kuttab, Eileen (2006): The Paradox of Women’s Work: Coping, Crisis, and Family Survival. In: Taraki, Lisa (ed.): Living Palestine, Family Survival, Resistance, and Mobility under Occupation. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Kuttab, Eileen (2008): Palestinian Women's Organizations: Global Cooption and Local Contradictions. In: Cultural Dynamics 20(2), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0921374008094283
Kuttab, Eileen (2010): Empowerment as Resistance: Conceptualizing Palestinian Women's Empowerment. In: Development 53(2), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2010.22
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Riyahi, Iyad (2010): New Economic Strategies: The Game of Precarious Poverty. Ramallah: Bisan.
Riyahi, Iyad/Jaber, Firas/Kuttab Eileen (2010): The Development Illusion: Critical Discourse Analysis on Palestinian Development. Ramallah: Bisan.
Roy, Sara (1995): The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-Development. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies.
Sen, Amartya (1999): Development as Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press.
Taraki, Lisa (1991): The development of political consciousness among Palestinians in the occupied territories, 1967-1987. In: Nassar, Jamal Raji/Heacock, Roger (ed.): Intifada, Palestine at the Crossroads. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Taraki, Lisa (1997): Palestinian Society: Contemporary Realities and Trends. In: Palestinian Women. A Status Report. Birzeit University: Women's Studies Program.
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settler colonialism, resistance economy, empowerment, alternative development, cooperatives, self-reliance
‘Resistance Economy’: A New Buzzword? (Essay)
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Essay
Abed, George T. (1989): The political economy of resistance in the occupied territories. Journal of Refugee Studies 2 (1), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/2.1.55
Abu Kishk, Bakir (1988): Industrial development in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In: Abed, George T. (ed.): The Palestinian economy: Studies in development under prolonged occupation. London: Routledge.
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Essay
‘Protecting our lands and supporting our farmers’ (Interview with Philipp Salzmann)
- Abstract
- Literatur
- Keywords
Interview
Krieger, Helmut (2014): Umkämpfte Staatlichkeit. Palästina zwischen Besatzung, Entwicklung und politischen Islam. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
Interview